Conad is a still water from Italy. Calcium-bicarbonate type, low mineralization. [Cl not reported in the source data - defaulted to 0 here, not a measured zero.]
| Ion | mg/L |
|---|---|
| Calcium (Ca²⁺) | 35.2 |
| Magnesium (Mg²⁺) | 5.6 |
| Sodium (Na⁺) | 3.8 |
| Chloride (Cl⁻) | 0 |
| Sulfate (SO₄²⁻) | 1.6 |
| Bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) | 136 |
| At a glance | |
|---|---|
| Total of these six minerals | 182.2 mg/L |
| Total hardness (as CaCO₃) | 111 mg/L |
| Alkalinity (as CaCO₃) | 111.5 mg/L |
| Sulfate-to-chloride ratio | – |
Mineral salts to dissolve in reverse-osmosis or distilled water, calculated by the BrewWaterSolver solver with the most common homebrew salts.
| Salt | 5 gal (18.9 L) | 20 L |
|---|---|---|
| Epsom salt (MgSO₄) | 0.08 g | 0.09 g |
| Chalk (CaCO₃) | 1.71 g | 1.81 g |
| Baking soda (NaHCO₃) | 0.07 g | 0.08 g |
Closest match with these salts; it can't reach HCO3 116.2 mg/L vs 136 exactly.
Chalk (CaCO₃) doesn't dissolve well directly in mash or sparge water without dissolved CO₂ - slurry it in carbonated water (e.g. sparkling water) before adding it, rather than mixing it into still water or sprinkling it in dry, or the calculated amount may not fully dissolve. How to dissolve chalk with CO₂
Sorgente Flaminia, Nocera Umbra (PG). Values from official label/spec sheet reproduced by a retailer or distributor. Analysis/label date: 2022-10-11 (prelievo; Università di Torino).