A broad category of dark, malt-forward European lagers emphasizing rich malt character over hop bitterness.
The target has a sulfate-to-chloride ratio of 0.8:1 (malt-leaning, balanced) - the balance that shapes how hoppy or malty the beer tastes.
| Ion | Target (ppm) |
|---|---|
| Calcium (Ca²⁺) | 70 |
| Magnesium (Mg²⁺) | 8 |
| Sodium (Na⁺) | 15 |
| Chloride (Cl⁻) | 60 |
| Sulfate (SO₄²⁻) | 50 |
| Bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) | 130 |
Useful starting target, but recipe composition or regional interpretation can materially change the optimum. Verify mash pH and sensory balance.
Salts to add to reverse-osmosis or distilled water to reach this target, calculated by the BrewWaterSolver solver with the most common homebrew salts (calcium chloride, gypsum, Epsom salt, chalk and baking soda).
| Salt | 5 gal (18.9 L) | 20 L |
|---|---|---|
| Calcium chloride (CaCl₂) | 2.23 g | 2.35 g |
| Gypsum (CaSO₄) | 0.67 g | 0.71 g |
| Epsom salt (MgSO₄) | 1.37 g | 1.45 g |
| Chalk (CaCO₃) | 1.46 g | 1.54 g |
| Baking soda (NaHCO₃) | 0.84 g | 0.89 g |
Resulting water: Ca 74.3, Mg 8.1, Na 15.2, Cl 59.8, SO4 49.1, HCO3 129.5 ppm. Split the salts between mash and sparge water in the solver if you prefer.
With RO water and the salts above, a typical Dark European Lager grist is predicted to mash at pH 5.51, against a target of 5.40 (amber/brown color - balanced pH for malt character). To bring it down, add about 2.2 mL of 88% lactic acid for 5 gal (2.3 mL for 20 L).
Estimated from the style's typical color (SRM 16) without a real grain bill - enter your recipe in the solver for a sharper prediction, and always check with a pH meter.
European-Style Dark Lager - these BA styles use the same water target.